Xenovaccinotherapy for cancer
An active specific immunotherapy (vaccinotherapy) is a strategy using tumor-associated antigens for inducing antitumor immune responses. The xenogenic (murine) polyantigenic vaccine (XPV) -in which there are main families of common tumor associated antigens - has been developed in the Institute of Clinical immunology (patents RF ¹219283 and ¹ 2192884).
Xenovaccinotherapy has significant advantages over the vaccinal approaches based on applying homologous ( autological or allogeneic) tumor cells or their antigenic derivates. First, when being entered the human body, xenogenic cell membranes are opsonized with natural antibodies and further –via the FcR-mediated mechanism- phagocytized by professional antigen-presenting cells (macrophage, dendritic cell) which are capable of effectively generating the development of antitumor T-cell responses. Second, the small structural distinctions of the xenogenic tumor-associated antigens from their human analogues render these antigens highly immunogenic and capable of inducing immune-mediated, antitumor responses in a patient not only at early, but also at late stages of disease, when tumor-derived immunosuppression is significant. Tumor-specific immunotherapy is able to generate a selective and long-term antitumor effect. Such a therapy has no complications attributable to chemotherapy.
Xenovaccinotherapy is applied in CICT for the following cancer:
